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The effect of air pollution on oxidative stress markers in newborns
Ambrož, Antonín ; Rössner, Pavel (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Gábelová, Alena (referee)
In everyday life, humans are exposed to toxic substances of anthropogenic origin. These substances can also be found in the ambient air and their impact poses a long-term risk for human health. Respirable particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is intensively studied, along with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bound to it, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a reference carcinogenic PAH. Owing to small size, PM2.5 can penetrate the human body primarily via the airways and represent an increased health risk compared to larger particles. The negative health impacts of anthropogenic PM2.5, generated e.g. by fossil fuel combustion, are linked with its small size, relatively large surface, as well as with PAHs and other substances adsorbed on PM surface. PAHs, generated by an incomplete combustion of organic matter, can enter organism either via ingestion of contaminated food, water or via inhalation of polluted air. PAHs affect organisms via genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic and other adverse effects. One of the common denominators of these effects is oxidative stress, which is also considered to be the main mechanism of action caused by PM in the human organism. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect any cellular...
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Analysis of nurses' knowledge in newborn resuscitation
Žáková, Jana ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (referee)
The present Bachelor thesis ,,The analysis of nurses' knowledge in resuscitation of newborn", focuses on the evaluation of the level of knowledge of nurses working in neonatal wards and delivery rooms. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of information on the classification of the newborn, conditions requiring resuscitation, postpartum adaptation and the first treatment of the newborn. The theoretical part of the thesis deals in detail with the procedure of neonatal resuscitation and post-resuscitation care according to the latest recommendations of the European and Czech Resuscitation Council. The aim of the empirical part of the thesis is to compare the obtained analysis of the knowledge of nurses of selected specialist departments, namely Thomayer Hospital and Bulovka Hospital. The method for obtaining data was a quantitative research using a questionnaire of own construction, which had 26 closed questions. Of these, 20 were aimed at verifying the knowledge of nurses in neonatal wards and delivery rooms. 120 questionnaires were distributed and the return rate was 81.66%, thus 98 questionnaires were analyzed. The results of the research showed statistically significant difference only according to...
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Placental transfusion in extremely immature newborns.
Primaková, Barbora ; Lamberská, Tereza (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents the current topic of placental transfusion in extremely premature newborns. The main aim of the thesis is to introduce a unique method of stabilising extremely premature newborns on the intact umbilical cord to the Czech professional public. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The first chapters show a brief overview of the extremely premature newborns' transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The following section presents currently used methods of placental transfusion, with particular emphasis on placental transfusion methods used for extremely preterm newborns. In the practical part are discussed the case reports of extremely premature newborns who were stabilised on the intact umbilical cord. Key words: Extremely premature newborn, Placental transfusion, Delayed cord clamping, Umbilical cord milking, Stabilisation on the intact ublilical cord
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Various Surgical Techniques of Lesional vas Deferens Repair in Rat Experiments
Štichhauer, Radek ; Kaška, Milan (advisor) ; Rygl, Michal (referee) ; Plánka, Ladislav (referee)
Various surgical techniques for the repair of injured vas deferens in rat experiment Introduction: The herniotomy for inguinal hernia is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in paediatric surgery. The incidence of complication following primary inguinal herniotomy in neonates is not rare and repair of the injured vas deferens (VD) is not standardized. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the contusion of VD during the surgery with a surgical instrument and to perform and consequently analyze some possibilities of a simple repair method under the control of operating loupe. Methods: Seventy male rats were divided into seven subgroups according to the type of the vas deferens injury and its repair consequently: 1. Contusion, 2. cut-off and a simple one layer vasovasostomy sewn by absorbable sewing material, 3. cut-off and joining by an intraluminally lead fibre of absorbable sewing material knotted externally, 4. = 3. using non- absorbable sewing material, 5. = 2. combine with intraluminally situated absorbable sewing fibre fixed externally,6. = 5. combine with intraluminally situated non-absorbable sewing fibre fixed externally, 7. = 5. without external fixation. Fibres of non-absorbable sewing material were removed 3 weeks after the first operation. Operated or injured parts of...
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Assisted reproduction - influence on fertility and selected characteristics of newborns in Czechia
Martínková, Kateřina ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Assisted reproduction - influence on fertility and selected characteristics of newborns in Czechia Abstract The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become very widespread in recent years, even in Czechia. The aim of this paper is to identify ART's influence on fertility rates and selected characteristics of newborns, especially in the context of demographics in Czechia. The first part of the thesis focuses on describing the process of fertility postponement and the related use of various ART methods. The second part deals with analyzing fertility level and timing and selected characteristics of newborns with emphasis on the comparison of children according to the method of conception. A data set is used for analysis, which was created by linking data on ART cycles from the National Register of Assisted Reproduction with data of children born collected by the Czech Statistical Office. A detailed analysis shows that the spread of assisted reproduction has a significant impact on the overall demographic situation in Czechia, especially in the ability of older women to realize their fertility. This analysis also suggests some differences between infants born via ART versus infants born without the use of ART in terms of birth outcomes. Binary logistic regression also confirms a certain effect of...
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Breastfeeding in the COVID-19 era
Brožková, Adéla ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on breast-feeding and midwife competences and her irreplaceable care in life of nursing woman. Thesis is based as theory-practice work. Goal of theoretic part is to summary the knowledge of nursing with specific focus on COVID-19 disease and its disadvantage on nursing women. Practical part of the thesis is based on results from medical documentation of monitored homogenous group of woman, with added conclusions data from questionnaires addressed to this homogeneous group of woman. Thesis monitors differences in fully nursed newborns, partially nursed newborns with artificial nutrition on side and newborns fully nourished by artificial nutritious. Data were followed during leave from the maternity yard, after three months and after six months. Reported data were compared between control year 2019 and monitored year 2020, when world was flooded by COVID-19 disease which resulted in various limitations during hospitalisations. Thesis also examine bonding and its effect on nursing woman. Statistics methods fully supported first hypothesis, as no significant differences between nursing women leaving from hospital were reported in year 2021 versus control year 2019. Other two hypothesis were rejected, as statistical data showed that in third and sixth month after childbirth...
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The effect of air pollution on oxidative stress markers in newborns
Ambrož, Antonín
In everyday life, humans are exposed to toxic substances of anthropogenic origin. These substances can also be found in the ambient air and their impact poses a long-term risk for human health. Respirable particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is intensively studied, along with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bound to it, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a reference carcinogenic PAH. Owing to small size, PM2.5 can penetrate the human body primarily via the airways and represent an increased health risk compared to larger particles. The negative health impacts of anthropogenic PM2.5, generated e.g. by fossil fuel combustion, are linked with its small size, relatively large surface, as well as with PAHs and other substances adsorbed on PM surface. PAHs, generated by an incomplete combustion of organic matter, can enter organism either via ingestion of contaminated food, water or via inhalation of polluted air. PAHs affect organisms via genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic and other adverse effects. One of the common denominators of these effects is oxidative stress, which is also considered to be the main mechanism of action caused by PM in the human organism. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect any cellular...
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The effect of air pollution on oxidative stress markers in newborns
Ambrož, Antonín
In everyday life, humans are exposed to toxic substances of anthropogenic origin. These substances can also be found in the ambient air and their impact poses a long-term risk for human health. Respirable particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is intensively studied, along with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bound to it, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a reference carcinogenic PAH. Owing to small size, PM2.5 can penetrate the human body primarily via the airways and represent an increased health risk compared to larger particles. The negative health impacts of anthropogenic PM2.5, generated e.g. by fossil fuel combustion, are linked with its small size, relatively large surface, as well as with PAHs and other substances adsorbed on PM surface. PAHs, generated by an incomplete combustion of organic matter, can enter organism either via ingestion of contaminated food, water or via inhalation of polluted air. PAHs affect organisms via genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic and other adverse effects. One of the common denominators of these effects is oxidative stress, which is also considered to be the main mechanism of action caused by PM in the human organism. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect any cellular...
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The effect of air pollution on oxidative stress markers in newborns
Ambrož, Antonín ; Rössner, Pavel (advisor) ; Rubeš, Jiří (referee) ; Gábelová, Alena (referee)
In everyday life, humans are exposed to toxic substances of anthropogenic origin. These substances can also be found in the ambient air and their impact poses a long-term risk for human health. Respirable particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is intensively studied, along with carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), bound to it, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a reference carcinogenic PAH. Owing to small size, PM2.5 can penetrate the human body primarily via the airways and represent an increased health risk compared to larger particles. The negative health impacts of anthropogenic PM2.5, generated e.g. by fossil fuel combustion, are linked with its small size, relatively large surface, as well as with PAHs and other substances adsorbed on PM surface. PAHs, generated by an incomplete combustion of organic matter, can enter organism either via ingestion of contaminated food, water or via inhalation of polluted air. PAHs affect organisms via genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic and other adverse effects. One of the common denominators of these effects is oxidative stress, which is also considered to be the main mechanism of action caused by PM in the human organism. Oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect any cellular...
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Placental transfusion in extremely immature newborns.
Primaková, Barbora ; Lamberská, Tereza (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents the current topic of placental transfusion in extremely premature newborns. The main aim of the thesis is to introduce a unique method of stabilising extremely premature newborns on the intact umbilical cord to the Czech professional public. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The first chapters show a brief overview of the extremely premature newborns' transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The following section presents currently used methods of placental transfusion, with particular emphasis on placental transfusion methods used for extremely preterm newborns. In the practical part are discussed the case reports of extremely premature newborns who were stabilised on the intact umbilical cord. Key words: Extremely premature newborn, Placental transfusion, Delayed cord clamping, Umbilical cord milking, Stabilisation on the intact ublilical cord
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